Virtual Power Plant Photovoltaic Inverter

The proposed virtual power plant integrates photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) systems into a microgrid topology, facilitating efficient energy management across generation, storage, distribution, and consumption components. Communication systems enable real-time monitoring and control for optimal system operation.

By coordinating the parameter settings of grid-forming inverters, the virtual power plant provides inertia support. Also, we design an online learning-based parameter settings method that makes the inertia of the virtual power plant adjustable. A case study in IEEE 34 nodes system illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This study presents the operation of an intelligent distribution system (IDN) as a coupling of the virtual power plant and electric inverter (CVE). CVEs participate in energy and active (flexibility market) and reactive (reactive power market) service markets simultaneously.

To regulate the voltage of the system, the system operator specifies the droop coefficient. The simplest mode of operation is power factor mode, in which the inverter injects or absorbs reactive power to maintain a specified power factor at the PCC. A fixed reactive power reference is specified for the PV inverter in the reactive power mode.

Utility-scale solar PV plants are interfaced to the power network via power electronic interfaces, and one of the major advantages of these interfaces is decoupled control of active and reactive power.

Ziegler C, Richter A, Hauer I, Wolter M (2018) Technical integration of virtual power plants enhanced by energy storages into German system operation with regard to following the schedule in intra-day. In: 2018 53rd international universities power engineering conference (UPEC). pp 1–6