Mauritania energy storage low temperature lithium battery

In this article, a brief overview of the challenges in developing lithium-ion batteries for low-temperature use is provided, and then an array of nascent battery chemistries are introduced that may be intrinsically better suited for low-temperature conditions moving forward.

Owing to their several advantages, such as light weight, high specific capacity, good charge retention, long-life cycling, and low toxicity, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been the energy storage devices of choice for various applications, including portable electronics like mobile phones, laptops, and cameras .

LIBs can store energy and operate well in the standard temperature range of 20–60 °C, but performance significantly degrades when the temperature drops below zero [2, 3]. The most frost-resistant batteries operate at temperatures as low as −40 °C, but their capacity decreases to about 12% .

Two main approaches have been proposed to overcome the LT limitations of LIBs: coupling the battery with a heating element to avoid exposure of its active components to the low temperature and modifying the inner battery components. Heating the battery externally causes a temperature gradient in the direction of its thickness.

Specifically, the prospects of using lithium-metal, lithium-sulfur, and dual-ion batteries for performance-critical low-temperature applications are evaluated. These three chemistries are presented as prototypical examples of how the conventional low-temperature charge-transfer resistances can be overcome.

Main research flaws of LIBs for ultra-low temperatures are pointed out for tackling. Modern technologies used in the sea, the poles, or aerospace require reliable batteries with outstanding performance at temperatures below zero degrees.