Urban Development Environmental Energy Storage Project

Summary of findings and limitations The case study's results, summarized in Table 7, demonstrated that the scope and economic potential of different energy storage technologies and configurations (single and hybrid) for improving the energy performance of an urban energy community depends on (and varies with) its built context (form and function).

Case study The case study intends to demonstrate the merits of the analytical framework and exhibit the influence of urban context on energy storage prospects. It evaluates and compares the techno-economic potential of ESSs (of single and hybrid types) for improving the performance of energy communities of different urban built types.

In urban areas, community energy storage serves various purposes including increasing self-consumption, enabling the seamless integration of intermittent renewables, and providing economic incentives (Barabino et al., 2023; Koirala et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2023).

Urban green energy development is vital in inclusive and integrated city planning to maintain resilience and stability for achieving carbon neutrality. Fig. 2. Integrated pathway of climate-related SDGs to various urban green energy development sectors to achieve carbon neutrality (Adapted from Refs. [38, 39]).

The aspiration of urban sustainability cannot be materialized without the transformation of the buildings sector (IEA, 2021) because it accounts for >50 % of electricity consumption and almost 30 % of final energy consumption worldwide (IEA, 2019).

The analysis addresses three urban built types (i.e., large low-rise, compact low-rise, and compact mid-rise areas), which tend to generate sizeable surplus energy (Mussawar et al., 2023) rendering them suitable candidates for ESS deployment.