How much does the Islamabad phase change energy storage system cost

Islamabad has consistently high insolation levels, with approximately 2945 h of annual sunshine, which equates to over 6400 trillion kWh of solar energy potential. The detailed yearly climate data is illustrated in Table 1. Furthermore, the region's high temperatures, which can reach 45.5 °C, contribute to its aptitude for solar power generation.

The following are the important themes and findings from our extensive research: Abundant Solar Resources: Islamabad has a daily solar irradiation of 5.89 kWh/m 2 and a solar percentage of 98.99%. This makes it an excellent position for capturing solar energy.

The 11.5 MW solar power facility at NUST, Islamabad, covers 9.36 acres of land and is divided into six strategic blocks, which are further subdivided into twelve sub-blocks totaling 8.79 MW capacity.

This energy shortage, reaching 9–15 GW, has a significant impact on the nation's businesses and causes severe blackouts and load shedding, with an annual economic cost of $3.8 billion 3, 4. Pakistan has a varied spectrum of renewable energy resources, including hydro, solar, wind, and biomass, to address these difficulties 5.

In a comprehensive global study, solar PV systems were tested across varied climate conditions, with Pakistan's semi-arid climate standing out as a good choice (Table 6). The 11.5 MW solar power plant in Pakistan has an excellent Performance Ratio (PR) of 76.18% and a Capacity Factor (CF) of 15.09%.

Pakistan has an estimated solar energy reserve of up to 100,000 MW due to its ample sunshine 7. Recognizing the potential of solar energy, the government prioritized the Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park project in Bahawalpur, Punjab.